Kalev Kaarna, Business Development Manager at Metrosert’s Applied Research Center, explained on the Kuku radio program “Sihik” how the European Union and Estonia are preparing for the wider implementation of quantum technology. The EU’s strategic goal is to become a global leader in quantum technology and innovation, ensuring both technological independence and security.
The Nature and Development Pace of Quantum Technology
Significant scientific breakthroughs in quantum technology occurred in the mid-1990s. Its current technological maturity has been compared to the state of Large Language Models (LLMs) five years ago, indicating an expected surge in practical applications in the near future.
Unlike conventional computing, which relies on bits with a value of 0 or 1, quantum technology utilizes the ability of particles to exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition). This allows for massive calculations on a significantly broader scale than classical systems.
Impact on Security and Data Communication
From the perspective of the Estonian state and its enterprises, the development of quantum cryptography is critical. Forecasts suggest that current cryptographic solutions could become vulnerable within 5 to 30 years. In Estonia, AS Cybernetica is working on post-quantum cryptography, while Metrosert coordinates the quantum sector and focuses on advancing quantum-secure communication.
Implementing quantum technology in communication systems allows for the transmission of remarkably larger data volumes. Although the high-power quantum computers capable of breaking modern security codes are still a long way off, preparations to ensure quantum security are a priority within the European Union.
Practical Applications: From Measurement to Medicine
One of the most immediate outputs of quantum technology is quantum sensing, which offers unprecedented precision across various sectors:
- Navigation: Precision measurement of the Earth’s magnetic field with quantum sensors enables more accurate positioning for drones and in situations where GPS is unavailable.
- Medicine: Ultra-precise measuring devices support diagnostics and the detection of chemical substances.
- Industry: Enhanced measurement processes are applicable in both the semiconductor industry and material science.
Developing Specialists and Engaging Businesses
In collaboration with universities, Metrosert contributes to the development of new specialists and raises awareness among local companies. To this end, Metrosert has launched a quantum hackathon, where Estonian companies and quantum technology students solve practical problems using quantum computers.
Five Estonian companies participated in the first quantum hackathon held last December: Enefit, GScan, mu-ray.tech, OIXIO IT, and Aktiva Finance Group. Within 24 hours, they converted real business problems into quantum algorithms. Enefit won with a solution for optimizing charging schedules for electric vehicle fleets. One participating company estimated that a 4–7% improvement in accuracy for their specific problem would result in savings of up to €500,000 per year.
The next quantum hackathon is scheduled for November 2026, continuing the support for companies in testing the potential of this new technology.
Full conversation on quantum technology (in Estonian) is available on Kuku player: